From a general perspective, “soil” is a very broad term and refers to the loose layer of earth that covers the surface of the planet. The soil is the part of the earth’s surface, which includes disintegrated rock, humus, inorganic and organic materials. For soil to form from rocks, it takes an average of 500 years or more. The soil is usually formed when rocks break up into their constituent parts. When a range of different forces acts on the rocks, they break into smaller parts to ... Clay soils are defined as soils with smaller particles and tiny pores that facilitate water retention but are vulnerable to waterlogging. They have a compact arrangement that restricts air permeability and can make it difficult for some plants to grow, although they are rich in minerals and can be enhanced organically. Clay soil is a type of soil composed mainly of fine particles that are less than 0.002 mm in diameter, giving it a dense, sticky texture when wet. This soil type is known for its ability to hold water and nutrients but can also lead to drainage problems due to its compact nature. Understanding clay soil is essential in assessing soil formation processes and its properties, influencing agriculture, construction, and environmental management. Clay is one of the most common soil types and can be challenging for plants to grow in. Learn when you should amend it, what you can do to improve it, and what plants grow well in it.