Anemia is defined as the reduction in circulating red-cell mass below normal levels. Anemia is a very common condition that is widespread in the human population. Circulating red blood cells (RBCs) contain a protein known as hemoglobin, that protein has four polypeptide chains and one heme ring that … Microcytic anemia is a condition of small red blood cells that are also hypochromic (paler than normal). It can be caused by iron deficiency, lead poisoning, thalassemia, or chronic diseases. Learn about the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of microcytic anemia . Microcytic, hypochromic anemia , as the name suggests, is the type of anemia in which the circulating RBCs are smaller than the usual size of RBCs (microcytic) and have decreased red color ( hypochromic ). The most common cause of this type of anemia is decreased iron reserves of the body which may be due to multiple reasons. Microcytic hypochromic anemia is a type of anemia characterized by small, pale red blood cells with reduced hemoglobin content.