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The kidneys are paired retroperitoneal organs located between the T12 and L3 vertebrae, positioned lateral to the spine and adjacent to multiple abdominal structures. Each kidney comprises the renal parenchyma—divided into cortex and medulla containing nephrons, the functional units—and the collecting system, which conveys urine to the ureter (see Image. Kidney Anatomy). The kidneys perform essential roles in excreting nitrogenous wastes, regulating electrolytes and acid-base balance ... The kidneys are two bilateral bean shaped organs, located in the posterior abdomen. They are reddish-brown in colour. In this article we shall look at the anatomy of the kidneys - their anatomical position, internal structure and vasculature. The upper parts of the kidneys are partially protected by the 11th and 12th ribs. Each kidney , with its adrenal gland is surrounded by two layers of fat: the perirenal fat present between renal fascia and renal capsule and pararenal fat superior to the renal fascia. The human kidney is a bean-shaped structure with a convex and a concave border ... Learn about the kidneys, their functions, and their internal structure . The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that filter blood, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, produce hormones, and excrete urine.
